AGP-SMYDP0831 Roger S. Bagnall Encoded in XML from original publication Tom Elliott David M. Ratzan Patrick J. Burns Georgios Tsolakis Created scripts automatically generating XML according to EpiDoc Guidelines Hammad Ahmad Mackenzie Brooks Kyle Helms Sara Sprenkle Trevor Stalnaker Principle Contributor Roger S. Bagnall 2016-10-03 Ancient Graffiti Project https://ancientgraffiti.org/Graffiti/graffito/AGP-SMYDP0831 2026

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 R.S. Bagnall R. Casagrande-Kim A. Ersoy C. Tanriver B. Yolaçan Graffiti from the Basilica in the Agora of Smyrna First published by the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World and the New York University Press, 2016. New York 2016 EDR SMYDP0831 AGP AGP-SMYDP0831 Graffito/incised Dimensions: 17 15 ((:taurus)) bull Smyrna 0180-0300 C.E. Basilica of the Agora of Smyrna, Izmir, Turkey

Julian calendar

Graffito of a humped bull, located on the western face of Pier A83. The bull is in profile, turned toward the left. The upper half of the body is better articulated, while the hind legs are barely sketched, and the forelegs are missing altogether. The tail is a straight horizontal line. The body is flat at the top, apart from the circular hump in the middle of the back, and undulating at the bottom, to emphasize the rotundity of the stomach and of the breast. The head, with one large oval eye set vertically, has two short conical horns but no muzzle. A similar graffito was found in a house in Ephesos dated to the Late Antique Period (Langner 2001: no. 1479).

Bagnall, R. S. et al., Graffiti from the Basilica in the Agora of Smyrna (2016): 395.<br/> Langner, M. 2001. Antike Graffitizeichnungen. Motive, Gestaltung, und Bedeutung. Palilia, 11. Wiesbaden: no. 1479.

Drawing of a bull